Special Use Airspace
Prohibited Areas
Prohibited areas established for security or other reasons in which flight is completely prohibited.
Restricted Areas
Restricted areas denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles.
Penetration of restricted areas without authorization from the using or controlling agency may be extremely hazardous to the aircraft and its occupants.
You need permission from the controlling agency to fly in a restricted area. If you are flying IFR, they will do this for you, or route you around it.
Warning Area
Warning areas extend three nautical miles outward from the coast of the U.S., and contains activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft.
A warning area may be located over domestic or international waters or both.
Military Operation Areas (MOAs)
Military operation areas are established for the purpose of separating certain military training activities from IFR traffic.
Pilot are permitting to fly though a MOA at any time, even when it is active. Pilots should exercise extreme caution while flying within a MOA when it is active.
If flying under IFR, ATC will clear you though the area if separation can be provided, or route you around it.
Under VFR, the pilot should contact the controlling agency and determine whether the MOA is active.
Alert Areas
Alert areas are depicted on aeronautical charts to inform nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity.
Pilots should be particularly alert when flying in these areas.
Controlled Firing Areas
CFAs contain activities which could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The distinguishing feature of the CFA, as compared to other special use airspace, is that its activities are suspended immediately when spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout positions indicate an aircraft might be approaching the area. There is no need to chart CFAs since they do not cause a nonparticipating aircraft to change its flight path.
National Security Areas
NSAs consist of airspace where there is a requirement for increased security and safety of ground facilities. Pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying through the depicted NSA.
When it is necessary to provide a greater level of security and safety, flight in NSAs may be temporarily prohibited by regulation under the provisions of 99.7
99.7