Runway Incursions

Types

Movement areas require a clearance
Clearance limit: the further pointer we're clear to
Expectation bias: the pilot usually expects a certain instruction
Explicit crossing instructions are required
Ground to tower frequency change
Tips
- Always write down clearances
- Note closed runways/taxiways
- Highlight hot spots
Hot spots on airport diagram
Progressive taxi
"Unable" is you are unable
Use sterile cockpit even when taxiing
ATC must give you explicit runway crossing instructions