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Transponder and ADS-B Requirements

For the airspace listed below, aircraft are required to have a Mode S or transponder (used on advanced aircraft for TCAS), or Mode C transponder with pressure altitude encoding.

And an ADS-B out source operating on:

  • 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (TSO-C166b)
  • 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) (TSO-C154c)
91.215(b) 91.225(a)

Transponder Operation

If you have an operational transponder and ADS-B out solution, then it must be operated at all times in controlled airspace.

91.215(c) 91.225(f)

Required Airspace

  • Within Class A, B and C airspace
  • Above the lateral bounds of Class B and C airspace
  • Within 30nm of a Class B airport (the Mode C Veil), up to 10,000' MSL
  • At and above 10,000' MSL over the contiguous states, excluding the airspace at and below 2,500' AGL
  • Class E airspace at and above 3000' MSL, over the Gulf of Mexico from the coastline of the United States out to 12 nautical miles
91.215(b) 91.225(d)

Exceptions

Aircraft that were not originally certificated with an engine-driven electrical system or which has not subsequently been certified with such a system installed, balloon, or glider.

ATC Deviations

ATC deviations from these requirement (for both Mode C transponder and ADS-B out), can be made in several scenarios:

  • If you have an operational transponder that isn't Mode C, you can request a deviation at any time
  • If you have an inoperative transponder/ADS-B out source, and you are travelling to a destination (including any intermediate stops) where repairs can be made, you can request a deviation at any time
  • If your aircraft is not equipped with a transponder or ADS-B position source, you can request a deviation at least 1 hour before your proposed operation
91.215(d) 91.225(f)